Passage 13
    Traditionally,it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workersopinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided “suggestion boxes” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management  specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of  labor—they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is particularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers,then,play astronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor for ce should be informed of major policy decisions.(A common complaint among rank and  file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs,often with no warning.At least 90 daysnotice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rankandfile workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's prof its.This can be done through employee stockownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

1.Traditionally,worker's role in the companies　　 .

A) has been significant
B) has been neglected completely
C) has been far more important than it is now
D) has been quite limited

2.According to this passage,management .

A) seldom tells common workers about company policies
B) does not believe in common workers productivity
C) is hostile to common workers
D) conceal companys polices from common workers for fear that they go on strike

3.Workers should be told in advance before the plant is to be closed so as to .

A) raise workers morale
B) get themselves adjusted
C) increase workers productivity
D) contribute to improvements in the work flow

4.It can be concluded from the passage that .

A) some plant closings have cost thousands of lives
B) some plant closings have compelled many workers to commit suicide
C) some plant closings could have been avoided if workers have been given bigger role in the company
D) the laidoff workers and their dependents will seek revenge on management

5.Workers are given a share in the companysprofits to .

A) to satisfy those rankandfile workers
B) to improve the stockownership plans
C) to award efficiency and productivity
D) to provide a further incentive for better performance

语言注释
1.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor—they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.然而，近年来许多管理专家指出工人不仅是劳动力的出卖者，而对公司有很大的利害关系，甚至为公司的管理做出重大的贡献。have a vital stake意为“对……有利害关系；在某方面有利害关系 ”。
2.dependent n.在经济方面依赖他人的人，家属
3.rankandfile workers 普通工人
4.layoff n.解雇、停工

答案

1.D
本题要求考生准确理解作者的观点。根据文章第一段，传统上工人在公司的角色只不过是提供劳动力。充其量不过向公司提点意见。因此只有D是惟一正确的答案。

2.A
本题是细节题。文章中多次提到与本题有关的信息，如第一段(Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.)、第二段(A common complaint among rank and file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) 而选项B、C、D都与原文有出入。

3.B
本题是细节题。文章第一段指出工人有权了解公司的重大决策，特别是涉及到工人及其家属的利益的时候。第二段中作者援引80至85年间大批工人被解雇这一事例说明这一点的重要性，并指出，在这种情况下，公司应提前90天通知工人，以便工人进行相应的调整。而其他几个备选项提到的都是关于工人更多地参与公司的管理所带来的好处。故正确答案为B。

4.C
本题是推断题。在第二段末作者论证了在公司管理中普通工人扮演更为重要角色的重要意义(Management should consult workers…because the workers might be able to suggest ways of …)。由此可知正确答案为C。

5.D
本题是细节题。文章最后一段中作者指出如何调动工人在管理决策中的作用。其中之一便是通过分配股票、发奖金或其他物质奖励，使工人有机会分享公司的利润。其目的是提高工人的积极性(As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the companys profit.)