Part Two

With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation's news coverage, as well as listen to it.

And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport , comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs , education , religion , parliamentary coverage, children ' s programs and films for an annual license fee of 83 pounds per household.

It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years--yet the BBC' s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.

The debate was launched by the Government , which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewers--to say what was good or badabout the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC' s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is ,or to make changes.

Defenders of the Corporation-of whom there are many---are fond of quoting the American slogan "If it isn't broke, don't fix it. " The BBC "an' tbroke" ,they say, by which they mean it is not broken （as distinct from the word 'broke' , meaning having no money）, so why bother to change it?

Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels--TV and Channel 4--were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels--funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions-which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term .

5 . The world famous BBC now faces__ .

（A） the problem of new coverage （B）an uncertain prospect

（C） inquiries by the general public （D）shrinkage of audience

6. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?

（A）Extension of its TV service to Far East.

（B）Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.

（C）Potentials for further international co-operations.

（D）Its existence as a broadcasting organization.

7. The BBC's "royal charter" （Line 4, Paragraph 3）stands for__

（A）the financial support from the royal family

（B）the privileges grantedby the Queen

（C）a contract with the Queen

（D）a unique relationship with the royal family

8. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than__

（A）the emergence of commercial TV channels

（B）the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government

（C）the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs

（D）the challenge of new satellite channels

Unit 3 （1996）Part 2

重点词汇：

• coverage（覆盖范围；新闻报导）←cover+age名词后缀。
• stretch（一段时间或路程v.n.伸展）与sketch（v.速写；略图；梗概）一起记。Babies do not want to hear about babies, they like to be told of giants and castles, and that which can stretch and stimulate their little minds.幼童不愿听关于幼童的故事，他们喜欢给他们讲巨人和城堡，那可以扩张和刺激他们小小的心灵。
• slogan（标语，口号）看作s+log+an，s形的圆木（log）上刻着一条（an）标语（slogan）。

难句解析：

① They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children's programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household.
句子的主干结构是They are brought... for an annual license fee...，其中谓语部分使用了被动语态。实际结构是bring后接双宾语：bring sb. sth.，在这句话中，直接宾语很长，是一系列名词的罗列，前面的名词用逗号连接，最后两个并列成分用and连接。
重点要注意they指代前面提到的listeners and viewers，这里使用了bring sb. sth.这一结构的被动式：sb. was brought sth.。介词for在这里相当于at the price of。另外news and current affairs中的and是连接news和current affairs的，而这个词组作为一个整体与其它的名词music，education等并列。

② The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
句子的结构是but连接了两个转折关系的句子。其中at least for the time being前后用逗号与句子其它部分分开，是插入语。前一句子的主干结构是The Corporation will survive as...，后一句子的主干结构是its role, its size and its programs are now the subject...。
The Corporation指代前面提到的BBC=British Broadcast Corporation。另外注意as的用法，这里它用作介词，是“作为……”的意思。publicly-funded由公众提供资金的；nation-wide全国范围内的。

③ The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
这个句子的主干结构是：The debate was launched by the Government，使用了被动语态。后面which引导定语从句which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC...修饰government，定语从句中不定式to say后面是两个并列的宾语从句，一个由what引导，一个由whether引导，两部分用and连接，副词even表示进一步强调。另外两个破折号之间的部分属于插入成分，是用来进一步定义anyone的。anyone后面的with介词词组也是用来修饰anyone的。
重点是要弄清楚后面定语从句，两个宾语从句，还有插入成分之间的层次关系。另外要注意be worth doing的用法，这一结构本身就可以表达被动含义，因而the Corporation was worth keeping就是“英国广播公司值得被保留”的意思。

④ The BBC "ain't broke", they say, by which they mean it is not broken （as distinct from the word "broke", meaning having no money）, so why bother to change it?
这句话是so连接的两个因果关系的句子。they say是插入语。which引导定语从句修饰前面引号中的部分“ain't broke”。
注意which指代的是前面引号中的部分；而且注意区别broke和broken在这里的不同意思。why do sth.这里是个反问句，是不太正式的用法。注意在此处，作者修正了前面美国俚语“ain't broke”中broke一词的用法错误，指出其应该被写为broken。

⑤ But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded Partly by advertising and Partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
首先这个句子使用了强调结构：it is... which，which指代前面的channels。破折号中间部分的插入成分相当于定语，（which are） funded Partly by advertising and Partly by viewers' subscriptions修饰channels。其中and连接两个Partly by。
注意bring about在句中的含义是“引起，导致，产生”。

试题解析：

5. 【正确答案】 [B]

意为：前景不定。第三段指出，英国广播公司（BBC）已有70多年的光辉历程，然而，目前其前景不明（in doubt）。虽然（至少就目前而言）作为一个公办广播机构，广播公司将继续存在下去，但是，其作用、规模、节目成为目前英国举国上下争论的话题。第四段指出，这场争论是由政府发起的。政府要求普通听众和观众评论广播公司的优缺点——甚至于值不值得把它办下去（was worth keeping）。最后一段指出，广播公司也的确面临着新的挑战，它只有改变自己才能适应新的形势。
A意为：新闻报道（的范围）问题。C意为：公众的质询。公众并未主动对广播公司的发展前景及状况评头论足，而是政府要求他们这样做的。D意为：观（听）众的减少。

6. 【正确答案】 [C]

意为：进一步进行国际合作的潜力。最后一段指出，由于广播领域（broadcasting world）正在发生变化，英国广播公司也应改变自己，以适应新形势。撤切尔政府制定的广播法要求电视频道进一步商业化、搞广告竞争并削减开支与劳务。新电视频道的开播将带来长远的巨变。可见，这里并未提到国际合作问题。
A意为：将电视广播扩展到远东地区。第一段指出，随着英国广播公司国际电视节目的开播，数百万亚洲和美洲人不仅可以听到它的广播，还可以观看到它的电视新闻报道（news coverage）。文章最后一段还提到了卫星频道将会给广播公司带来最大的变化。B意为：电视节目成为举国上下谈论的话题。D意为：它作为广播机构的存在。另请参阅第5题题解。

7. 【正确答案】 [C]

可直译为：与女王签的契约。众所周知，英国是君主立宪国家，国王代表国家。因此，与女王签约就等于说该公司是国家办的广播公司（a publicly-funded broadcasting station），而不是私营的。charter意为：契约，特许证。原句可译为：质询的原因是：广播公司的皇家契约1996年将要到期，因此必须决定广播公司是保持原样还是要改革。
A意为：皇族的财政支持。皇族指国王的家庭，与国家是两码事。B意为：女王准予的一系列特权。D意为：与皇族的特殊关系。

8. 【正确答案】 [D]

意为：新电视频道的挑战。该题提问部分意为：英国广播公司不得不自行调整的最主要原因恰恰是……。文章最后一句指出：从长远的观点来看，新电视频道的开播将无疑会带来最大的变化（注意：本句是强调句）。

A意为：商业性电视频道的出现。B意为：政府广播法的实施。C意为：降低成本和劳务的紧迫性。[A]、[B]、[C]虽然都提到了，但都不是作为主要原因而提的。

全文翻译：

　　随着BBC（英国广播公司）全世界电视节目的开播，亚洲和美洲的数以百万计的人不仅可以听到广播，也能看到它的电视新闻报道了。当然，英国听众和观众可以收到两个BBC电视频道，五个BBC全国广播电台和几十个地方电台，每户每年交83英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。

　　延续七十多年，BBC可谓历程辉煌，然而现在，BBC的未来却令人疑虑。至少目前，它仍可以公办广播机构的身份生存下去，但它的作用、规模和节目却成了全英国争论的话题。

　　英国政府发起了这场争论，它邀请每一位对BBC有看法的人——包括普通的听众和观众——对公司好坏进行评说，甚至可以评说他们是否认为公司值得办下去。这样做的原因是BBC所持的皇家特许证于1996年到期，政府必须决定让公司维持原状还是进行变革。

　　公司的捍卫者——他们中有很多人——喜欢引用美国的广告口号：“如果没坏，就不要修。”他们说英国广播公司“没有破产”，他们的意思是说它没有垮掉（broken和单词broke是有区别的，broke的意思是没有钱），那为什么还要自找麻烦去改变它呢？

　　然而BBC将不得不进行变革，因为周围的广播世界正发生变化。商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。但从长远来看会引起最大变化的是新的卫星频道的出现，它们的部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费。