第四节选考题型之三 概括大意题

该题型考查的是考生把握主旨大意，进行概括总结的能力。该题型要求考生为文章中的若干段落选出最恰当的小标题。也就是要求考生选出最能概括段落主题或要点的标题。

　解题技巧

　　①先阅读选择项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落，然后读一段话，做一道题。

　②读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇。正确答案常常是主题句的改写。

　 ③某段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项中划去。

　　④如果答案不确定，先将可能正确的选项全部选出。

⑤干扰选项的特点是，段落中未展开详细的说明。

　⑥如果主题句比较复杂(如复合句)，应重点看主句部分。

　　有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句部分，正确答案应来自主句。

⑦正确答案应是主题句的改写，与主题句特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。

Sample Four

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

一

［A］ Learn the basics of investment

［B］Calculate your worth

［C］Value your investment

［D］Have a nest egg

［E］Know your risk levels

 ［F］Diversify

These are things to watch out for when starting to invest. 

Make a note of all your assets, no matter how insignificant they seem. That way, you can work out what sort of investment suits you and over what time frame.

 Think carefully about your future plans and where you would like to be in a few years’ time. Consider the objective behind your decision to invest: are you aiming to retire in a decade, or are you saving for a deposit on a house? Your age and circumstances, as well as economic conditions, will determine the right investment for you.

 Keep at least three months’ wages available in cash before considering any other investment. That way, you will not lose out by having to liquidate a poorlyperforming asset at an unfavourable time.

 Find out about various asset classes and their characteristics. The market for property may appear favourable for firsttime homebuyers, but a house is an illiquid investment. Equities are relatively volatile, but can be liquidated quickly.

Take advice: Avoid following the herd and buying into the latest fashionable initial public offering. News takes a long time to filter down to the guy in the street and chances are that any hot tip is past its sellby date. Spend some time with a financial adviser, read the papers or books on investing. That way, you can make educated decisions.

 Once you have a core position, look around for satellite investments that may spice up your portfolio. Do not only buy equities, but also consider bonds, property or collectibles to protect yourself against poor performance in one asset class.

Hang in there: Stick to your plan, even if your investment seems to be floundering. New investors are often driven by emotion and react at the wrong times. Financial experts will tell you that timing the market is almost impossible, but time in the market will eventually pay off.

答案及解析

1.B。根据文中make a note……可知此段是在讲估算财产，所以选B。

2.E。从下文，考虑一下决定投资的目的：你10年内打算退休呢还是为了买房而存款？以及后面的年龄，环境和经济状况会决定投资类型。可知这样考虑的目的是为了知道投资的风险度，所以E正确。

3.D。此段主要讲要预备一些现金以备资产运作不良时需要，所以选D。

4.A。这段主要讲为防止资产动作不良要使投资种类多元化。所以选A。

5.F。这三段主要是说了解一些投资的基本常识可以使你的投资更明智。所以选F。

中心思想

本文论述投资必须谨记的几件事情，估算财产以搞清投资类型，了解投资风险和基本常识，咨询理财顾问，阅读相关书稿。投资方式多样化以及坚持执行计划。

译文

投资时要密切关注一些事情。

估算你的财产：对你所有的财产作纪录，不论它们看起来有多么微不足道，那样，你可以搞清楚适合你的投资类型和时间构架。

了解你的风险度：仔细考虑未来的计划及你未来的生活环境。考虑一下你决定投资的目的：你的目标是在十年内退休呢？还是为一所房子的定金而攒钱呢？你的年龄、境况及经济条件将决定正确的投资方向。

准备储备金：考虑任何投资以前保证手中至少有三个月的现金可供使用。那样，你将不会因为在不适宜的时间里停业清理拙劣的运作资产而遭受损失。

熟记基本常识：搞清楚有关的各种不同资产类别及其特点。房地产市场可能对第一时间买房

者有利，可是房子是一种固定投资，股票是相对易变的，但却能被迅速清算。

接受忠告：不要随波逐流去买进一些时髦证券。对普通人来讲，信息需要很长时间方能传到他们耳中；得到的热门消息往往是过时的。花些时间与金融顾问谈谈，读读有关投资方面的报纸或书籍。那样，你可以熟练地作任何决定。

资产多元化：一旦你有了核心位置，便可以到处寻找附属投资以增长你的资产。不要只买股票，考虑一下有息债券、房地产或者收藏品，保护你自己，以防资产的不良运转。

坚持不懈：坚持你的计划，即使你的投资看起来在艰难地进行。新的投资商常常感情冲动，在错误的时间里作出反应。金融专家将告诉你，掌握市场（买卖时机）几乎是不可能的，在市场上坚持下去将最终会获得成功！

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