Text4

    To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to fucus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

    Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”

“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay.

36.【题干】 The key to mastering the art of deep work is to______

【选项】

A. seize every minute to work

B. list you immediate tasks

C. make specific daily plans

D. Keep to your focus time

37. 【题干】The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that

【选项】

A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

C. distractions may actually increase efficiency

D. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying

38. 【题干】According to Newport, idleness is __________-

【选项】

A. a desirable mental state for busy people

B. a major contributor to physical health

C. an effective way to save time and energy

0. an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39. 【题干】Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and infocused ______

【选项】

A. can bring about greater efficiency

B. can result in psychological well-being

C. is driven by task urgency

D. is aimed at better balance in work

40. 【题干】This text is mainly about_____

【选项】

A. approaches to getting more done in less time

B. Ways to relieve the tension of busy life

C. The key to eliminating distractions

D. The cause of the lack of focus time

36. 【答案】［D］keep to your focus time

【解析】细节题。根据题干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。该句指出“有很多种掌握深度工作的方法-不论是专注于指定工作时长时间的后退，或者养成惯例，还是当你一天有闲暇之余采用纪实的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬间”。接着提到“不论是那种方式，关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知，D项为正确答案。

37. 【答案】［B］detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

    【解析】例证题。根据题干时间信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句指出另一种短时间做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作我们待办事项的方法。接着作者举例大学生们分成小组每天做各种详细复杂的任务。第五段首句用while画风一转，表示这种复杂的任务让学生们感到消极，并表示工作中难免会分散注意力，这将影响日常待办事项的效率。可知，作者用反面例子来论证观点，即复杂的计划可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选B项。

38. 【答案】［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work.

【解析】根据题目Newport得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题。根据题干中的idleness可定位到倒数第三段，idleness is not，读到这里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再对应选项，可直接选出［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work。

39. 【答案】［A］can bring about greater efficiency.

【解析】根据题目中的Pillay believes 可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息，可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句，明确指出they tend to be more efficient。然后对应选项得出［A］can bring about greater efficiency。

40. 【答案】［A］approaches to getting more done in less time.

【解析】根据题目的mainly about可知为文章主旨题，首先可以通过题目的复现内容找与文章主旨有关的词汇，题目中反复出现了focus内容，可判断与人们的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现，第一段引用Cal Newport的观点指出focus without distraction话题，第二段就提到了主题approaches to mastering thd art of deep work，此刻主题已明确，并且第四段有明显的证明another approach。所以本题选［A］approaches to getting more done in less time。

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

【选项】

A. Be present

B. Just say it

C. Ask for an opinion

D. Find the＂me too＂s

E. Name,places,things

F. skip the small talk

G. Pay a unique compliment

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.

41【题干】._________________________________

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something-the first word-but it just won’t come out,it feels like it is stuck somewhere.l know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.

Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won’t  talk with you?Well,they are not talking withing with you  now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out  everything will just flow.

I truly believe that once you get that first word out  everything else will just  flow.So keep it  simple"hi","hey"or"hello"-do the best you can to gather  all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big  smile and sey"hi".

42. 【题干】_________________________________

It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of “h”,”hello”,” how are your”and “what’s going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Twst me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43. 【题干】________________________________

When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44.【题干】 _____________________________

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens.When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.

45. 【题干】_____________________

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward! So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to.the places they want to go,the things they like.the things they hate-whatever you talk about.

Vhen you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their well being.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read ,or to have a conversation with!

41. 【答案】B

【解析】该小标题需要涵盖三段内容。第一段开始说到你想跟陌生人说话，但是“it just won’t come out”，提到说话说不出来，随后直接出现我的建议“My advice：just get it out“，即去说。所以选B：Just say it去说

42.【答案】F

【解析】该小标题下第一段第一句话就说了你时间有限“you have limited time”，然后说到如果陷到寒暄当中“hi，hello，how are you， what is going on”会让对话没法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明结论，去问更多个人问题“personal questions”，所以选F：Skip the small talk跳过寒暄

43.【答案】D

【解析】第一句话就说到了第一次交谈要找到共同点“have in common”，从这个共同点“that point”来开展对话“build the conversation”，所以选D：find the “me too”s找到共同点

44.【答案】G

【解析】第一段先举例，说你跟人讲心事时，别人分心干别的。然后下一段“So”表明结论，人家跟跟你沟通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以选G：Pay a unique complement专注

45.【答案】E

【解析】第一句话就提到了忘记只见过一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回忆地点“places”和好恶的事情“things”等细节，所以选E：Name，places，things

Section III Translation

46.Directions：

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”, Gates says.

【真题译文】：

一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业：即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。他勾划了“宇航员”，但很快由将“科学家”添加到列表中，并也将其选中。这个男孩相信，如果他读得足够多，他就可以探索尽可能多的他喜欢的职业道路。所以他读书广泛——从百科全书到科幻小说。他读得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一个：在餐桌上的“不读书政策”。

那个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他没有停止阅读，甚至在他成为这个星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍旧没有停下来。现在，他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和工具书了：最近据他所说，他一年内至少读了50本非科幻小说。比尔盖茨选择非科幻小说类书籍，是因为这类书籍解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都开辟了新的知识探索渠道。”盖茨说。