2012年阅读真题

　　Text3

　　1. In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.

　　译文：在"科学研究如何开展"的理想化模式中，世界真相正等待着以科学的方法开展工作的研究者们去观察和收集。

　　2. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.

　　译文：在科学界这个复杂的社会结构中，研究者做出发现；编辑和评审者控制发现的发表过程以扮演看门人的角色；其他科学家则使用这一新发现来满足自己需要；最后，公众（包括其他科学家）接受这个新发现及其可能随之而来的技术。

　　3. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual's discovery claim into the community's credible discovery.

　　译文：在发现声明通过科学界的逐级审查之时，与该科技相容或相抗的理念会相互作用、相互对抗，将个体的研究发现转变为科学界的可信发现。

　　4. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.

　　译文：不足为奇的是，貌似重要且令人信服的新发表的发现声明和可信发现总是面对后来研究者的质疑、修改、甚至推翻。