四、总分关系

　　常用的标志词和短语有：such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。

　　如2001年完型第31题：

　　The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___ the trial of Rosemary West.

　　[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular [D]such as

　　答案：D

　　解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“prominent cases”与空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的关系，总体与部分的关系，可以选for instance和such as，但for instance后面不能直接加名词，such as后要直接加名词，故选D such as。

　　五、递进关系

　　常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more等。

　　如1994年完型第46题：

　　Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

　　___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.

　　[A]Moreover [B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly

　　答案：A

　　解析：此处考查的是逻辑关系，需要根据空前和空后来判断。此空位于段首，需要考虑本段与上一段的逻辑关系，上一段提到“careless use of words”给交谈带来的障碍，空后则提到“inaccurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困难。前后是递进关系，故选择A moreover。

　　掌握了逻辑关系这一个法宝，完型得分就不再是问题。